On November 21, 2018, the first international scientific conference “The Reign of the Ilkhanids and its Impact on the Silk Road” was held in the city of Zanjan (Islamic Republic of Iran) with financial support of the International Institute for Central Asian Studies (IICAS). There is no unity among scientists and researchers on the assessment of changes that the Mongol invaders brought. Through the relatively short reign, the Ilkhanids undoubtedly left a bright deep trace in the history of the region. Undoubtedly, their presence had a huge impact on the operations along the Silk Road. Each of events had a positive or negative effect on trading activity: the destruction of Baghdad or opposition to the Mamluks, change of religion, or internal reforms. One way or another, Ilkhanat managed to change the Silk Road and use the opportunities for political and economic influence. These and many other aspects were discussed by participants from many countries. The proceedings comprised 15 speeches given in English in the course of the conference.